Spring is a Java framework used to build Java applications with minimal effort. It provides the infrastructure needed for an application, allowing you to focus on the business logic of the app. Spring Boot sits on the Spring Framework and minimizes the effort needed for detailed, manual configurations.
Spring is widely used in Java application development since it is modular and flexible with embedded Tomcat and Jetty servers. It removes the need for boilerplate configurations, quick setup, has enterprise-level features, allows easy integration, and testing.
This blog covers several important topics that help you answer Spring interview questions. Spring programming interview questions are common, and this blog helps you to crack Java Spring interview questions.
The Spring Framework is a modular Java platform that gives infrastructure support to build enterprise-grade applications. It removes the complexity of Java application coding and development by providing the essential code, allowing efforts to be run on business logic.
Among the frequently asked Spring interview questions are the advantages of the Spring framework. Developers use the modules to select only the ones needed for the project. It has dependency injection with plain old Java objects, allowing for easy testing, and it supports Java, Kotlin, Groovy, and other JVM languages.
Spring interview questions focus on evaluating your expertise in the Spring framework. Java Spring interview questions will feature coding rounds on the Spring Framework. So, prepare for Spring programming interview questions by practicing coding in a Java IDE.
Spring Core is the main plank of the Spring Framework. It has the Inversion of Control (IoC) container that controls and administers the lifecycle and configuration of beans or application objects.
Dependency Injection is the main pattern used by Spring core to give objects dependencies and not force the object to develop them on its own. Spring interview questions focus on evaluating your expertise in Spring Boot.
Java Spring interview questions will feature in coding rounds. So, prepare for Spring programming interview questions by practicing coding in a Java IDE.
The Bean Lifecycle flowchart is given below. In the flow chart, purple boxes are core creation steps (instantiation + DI). Teal-colored boxes are Aware interfaces of the instances from which the bean learns about its container.
Amber boxes are the initialization hooks of pre, during, and post. Green boxes indicate that the bean is live, and Coral shows the destruction when a context shutdown is reached. Spring interview questions test your expertise in beans.
In inversion of control or IoC, the framework controls the flow and lifecycle of objects and not the application code, thus reducing coupling. Dependency injection, or DI, is a design pattern to implement IoC, where the dependencies of a class are injected from the outside and not developed or created internally.
Code snippet example of dependency injection
// 1. Define an abstraction (Interface)
interface Engine {
void start();
}
// Code snippet of inversion of control:
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// The external code (Main) acts as the "IoC Container"
Engine gas = new GasEngine();
Car myCar = new Car(gas); // Injecting the dependency
myCar.drive();
}
}
Java Spring beans are objects that are controlled by BeanFactory or ApplicationContext Spring containers. They are used for implementing dependency injection. They are created in the Spring inversion-of-control container.
Bean Scopes explain the instances of Spring Bean creation and their life in the Spring container. Several scopes of Bean are available, and these are Singleton, Prototype, Request, Session, Application, and WebSocket.
Comparison of Bean Scopes is:
| Scope | Description | Lifecycle |
|---|---|---|
| Singleton (default) | Only one instance per Spring container | Created once, shared everywhere |
| Prototype | New instance every time requested | Created each time, not fully managed after creation |
| Request | One instance per HTTP request | Lives for a single web request |
| Session | One instance per HTTP session | Lives for a user session |
| Application | One instance per web application | Shared across the entire app |
| WebSocket | One instance per WebSocket session | Lives for WebSocket lifecycle |
BeanFactory is used when a minimal, lazy-loaded configuration is needed. ApplicationContext is utilized when the requirements for the complete Spring features.
Table of BeanFactory and ApplicationContext.
| Feature | BeanFactory | ApplicationContext |
|---|---|---|
| Initialization | Lazy initialization (beans created only when requested) | Eager initialization (beans created at startup by default) |
| Auto-adds behavior (e.g., logging, AOP, etc.) | Does NOT automatically register BeanPostProcessors or advanced features | Automatically registers BeanPostProcessors (supports AOP, logging, etc.) |
| Sends & listens to app-wide events | Not supported | Supports event publishing and listening (ApplicationEvent) |
| Multi-language support | No built-in support | Supports internationalization (i18n via MessageSource) |
| Best used for | Lightweight apps, memory-constrained environments | Enterprise apps, full-featured Spring applications |
Bean Wiring is the method to link Spring Beans. It helps to inject one bean into another and meet dependencies.
The Spring Bean Lifecycle includes the sequence that a bean faces from creation to destruction in the Spring container. The life cycle steps are:
Autowiring automatically injects dependencies in the bean without using manual configuration. It removes the need for XML wiring and gives clean code without errors.
Spring interview questions focus on evaluating your expertise in Spring Boot. Java Spring interview questions will feature in coding rounds. So, prepare for Spring programming interview questions by practicing coding in a Java IDE.
Spring Boot is a framework sitting on the Spring platform. It reduces the requirements of Java application development, makes coding simpler, and removes the need for advanced manual configuration.
Comparison table of differences between Spring and Spring Boot is:
| Aspect | Spring Framework | Spring Boot |
|---|---|---|
| Configuration | Manual configuration (XML or Java-based, more setup required) | Auto-configuration with minimal setup (@SpringBootApplication) |
| Built-in Web Server | No built-in server (needs external server like Tomcat) | Embedded server (Tomcat, Jetty, Undertow) included |
| Deployment | Deploy WAR file to external server | Run as standalone JAR with embedded server |
| Pre-bundled Library Sets | No predefined sets; dependencies added manually | Starter dependencies (e.g., spring-boot-starter-web) |
| Setup Effort | Higher (more configuration and setup time) | Lower (quick startup, less boilerplate) |
@SpringBootApplication combines three key Spring annotations into a single-entry point for a Spring Boot application. unit. It is a convenience annotation that makes Spring Boot automatically start, configure, and scan the application.
Code snippet is:
@SpringBootApplication
public class MyApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MyApplication.class, args);
}
}
Embedded servers in Spring Boot run web apps without the need to use external servers. Spring Boot supports several embedded servers. These include Apache Tomcat, Jetty, Undertow, and Netty.
Spring Boot Actuator is a production-ready module. It has tools for management and monitoring applications. An actuator is used to monitor metrics, health, and the internal state of running apps.
Spring Boot Starter Projects are dependency packages in Spring Boot pre-configured to add required functionality. There is no need to manually manage their dependencies. By adding one starter, all dependencies are brought together, and there is no need to add multiple libraries.
Spring Framework Java interview questions are invariably on MVC. Prepare for Spring programming interview questions by practicing coding using real examples. Read Java blogs, tech articles, and be ready to answer Spring interview questions.
Spring Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a module to create REST APIs and web applications as per the MVC design pattern. When users make an HTTP request, it is sent to the DispatcherServlet front controller that processes the request, Data is processed, and users get the View.
DispatcherServlet is the central front controller in the Spring MVC framework. It serves as the single-entry point for all incoming HTTP requests, manages the request lifecycle, guides requests to relevant controllers, manages view resolution, and models’ data to generate responses. It is like a receptionist in an office who manages visitors.
In Spring MVC, Controller is a class managing HTTP requests and gives responses in view or JSON. The controller calls services and business logic, prepares data and gives a response.
An example of a code snippet is:
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String sayHello(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("message", "Hello World");
return "hello"; // view name
}
}
ViewResolver is used to map the logical view name that is returned by a controller into a view file, such as a template, HTML, or JSP. Popular ViewResolvers are InternalResourceViewResolver used for JSP, ThymeleafViewResolver used for Thymeleaf templates, and FreeMarkerViewResolver used for FreeMarker.
Spring MVC Annotations help in configuring and controlling web application behaviour in a declarative manner. They provide the shortcuts for web components and request handling.
The following table gives key Spring MVC annotations.
| Annotation | Purpose |
|---|---|
| @Controller | Marks a class as a web controller (returns views) |
| @RestController | Marks a class as REST controller (returns JSON/XML) |
| @RequestMapping | Maps HTTP requests to classes/methods |
| @GetMapping | Handles HTTP GET requests |
| @PostMapping | Handles HTTP POST requests |
| @PutMapping | Handles HTTP PUT requests |
| @DeleteMapping | Handles HTTP DELETE requests |
| @RequestParam | Binds query parameters from URL |
| @PathVariable | Extracts values from URL path |
| @RequestBody | Converts request body (JSON) to Java object |
| @ResponseBody | Sends return value as HTTP response body |
| @ModelAttribute | Binds form data to Java object |
| @ExceptionHandler | Handles exceptions in controllers |
Spring AOP – Aspect-Oriented Programming is an important module of the Spring Framework. Spring Framework Java interview questions are on this topic. Expect Spring programming interview questions in coding rounds.
Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) is a method that helps to separate cross-cutting issues, such as logging, security, and transactions, from the main business logic. An extra behavior is added without changing the code. This is a critical topic in Spring interview questions.
Aspect, Advice, and Pointcut are components of AOP that apply cross-cutting logic. They work as a rule system by pointing out where to apply, actions, and the container.
The following table explains the three concepts.
| Term | What it means | Real Example |
|---|---|---|
| Aspect | A class that groups cross-cutting logic (logging, security, etc.) | LoggingAspect class handling all logging |
| Advice | The action to perform at a specific point | Log message before a method runs |
| Pointcut | Expression that selects where the advice should run | Apply logging to all service layer methods (execution(* service.*.*(..))) |
Spring AOP is simple, limited, and used in most applications, while AspectJ is complex, powerful, and full-featured.
The following table presents the differences between Spring AOP and AspectJ.
| Feature | Spring AOP | AspectJ |
|---|---|---|
| Framework Type | Part of Spring Framework | Separate AOP framework |
| Weaving Type | Runtime (proxy-based) | Compile-time, post-compile, and load-time |
| Join Points Supported | Only method execution | Method calls, constructors, fields, etc. |
| Complexity | Simple and easy to use | More powerful but complex |
| Performance | Slightly slower (proxy-based) | Faster (compiled weaving) |
| Dependency | Works only with Spring-managed beans | Works with any Java class |
| Configuration | Minimal (annotations/XML) | Requires compiler or weaving setup |
| Use Case | Common enterprise apps (logging, transactions) | Advanced AOP needs (deep instrumentation) |
| Learning Curve | Easy | Steeper |
Spring JDBC and Hibernate are the favorite topics in Spring interview questions. Be prepared for coding tests as part of the Spring programming interview questions. Interviewers seek hands-on coding and implementations for their Java Spring interview questions.
Spring JDBC is an important module that makes databases easy with the Java Database Connectivity API. There is no need to use handling statements, opening and closing connections, and iteration.
JDBC Template is the central class in the JDBC core package of the Spring Framework and handles repetitive code used to access a database.
Hibernate ORM or Object-Relational Mapping is a Java framework that is a bridge and maps Java objects to database tables. Developers use ORM to easily carry out database operations with object-oriented commands. Complex SQL queries are avoided.
Spring DAO, or Data Access Object is a support module from the Spring Framework. It simplifies the process of application interaction with databases.
Spring interview questions for freshers are on the basic terms of the Spring framework. Java Spring interview questions for freshers do not delve deep into coding or complex integration issues.
An IoC (Inversion of Control) Container is used to create, configure, and manage the lifecycle of beans. Two types of IoC are available: the BeanFactory, a Basic Container, and ApplicationContext, an advanced container with several features.
Components of Spring application are configuration, Spring container, Beans or objects, dependency injection, Aspect-Oriented Programming, Data Access Layer, and service layer.
Different models of Spring framework are core container, data access, web module, AOP, instrumentation module, messaging module, and test module.
Limitations of autowiring are: lack of clarity, multiple beans problem, not suitable for all dependencies, tight coupling risk, limited control, performance overhead, and hidden dependencies.
@Autowired in the Spring framework is a type of annotation used for auto-injection of dependencies in a class.
Spring Configuration File helps in identifying the set-up of the application. It tells the beans to create and configure, and their connection.
Differences are given in the following table.
| Annotation | What it Marks | When to Use It |
|---|---|---|
| @Component | Generic Spring-managed bean | Use for any class that doesn’t fit other categories (utility/helper classes) |
| @Service | Business logic layer | Use for classes that contain business logic (service layer) |
| @Repository | Data access layer (DAO) | Use for classes that interact with the database |
| @Controller | Web layer (handles user requests) | Use in Spring MVC to handle HTTP requests and return views |
Spring interview questions for intermediate-level candidates with 1-5 years’ experience, evaluate core technical concepts and practices. You will be asked core coding problems in the Spring programming interview questions.
Dependency Injection (DI) can be run in three ways. They are constructor injection, setter injection, and field injection.
The differences between setter injection and constructor injection are:
| Feature | Constructor Injection | Setter Injection |
|---|---|---|
| How it works | Dependencies passed via constructor | Dependencies set via setter methods |
| Timing | At object creation | After object creation |
| Use case | Mandatory dependencies | Optional dependencies |
| Object state | Always fully initialized | May be partially initialized |
| Immutability | Supports (final fields) | Not supported |
| Null safety | High (cannot skip dependency) | Lower (can forget to set) |
| Readability | Clear (all deps in constructor) | Less clear (spread across setters) |
| Testing | Easier (constructor args) | Slightly harder |
| Circular dependency | Problematic | Can resolve |
| Spring recommendation | Preferred | Situational |
The @Qualifier is used with @Autowired to indicate the bean to be injected when multiple candidates of the same type are available. It resolves the confusion when multiple instances of a bean are present.
Transaction propagation explains the behavior of a method in a transaction. within an existing transaction. The types of propagation are:
| Propagation Type | Behavior | When to Use |
|---|---|---|
| REQUIRED (default) | Joins existing transaction, or creates a new one if none exists | Most common use case |
| REQUIRES_NEW | Suspends current transaction and starts a new one | Independent operations (e.g., logging) |
| SUPPORTS | Joins transaction if present, else runs without transaction | Optional transactional behavior |
| NOT_SUPPORTED | Suspends current transaction and runs non-transactionally | Performance-critical non-TX tasks |
| MANDATORY | Must run inside an existing transaction, else throws exception | Strict transactional rules |
| NEVER | Must NOT run inside a transaction, else throws exception | Enforce non-transactional execution |
| NESTED | Runs within a nested transaction (savepoint) if a transaction exists | Partial rollback scenarios |
The annotation @GetMapping gives cleaner, more efficient code when handling GET requests. The annotation @RequestMapping gives flexibility and multiple HTTP methods.
Weaving links aspects of cross-cutting concerns with the business logic application code to develop an executable object. It injects logging, security transactions, and extra behavior without changing the code.
The differences between Spring ORM and Spring JDBC are given in the following table.
| Feature | Spring JDBC | Spring ORM |
|---|---|---|
| Approach | Low-level database access | High-level abstraction using ORM frameworks |
| Working Style | Uses SQL queries directly | Works with objects mapped to database tables |
| Boilerplate Code | Reduced (compared to plain JDBC) but still requires SQL | Minimal (ORM handles most DB operations) |
| Learning Curve | Easier if you know SQL | Requires understanding ORM concepts |
| Control over Queries | Full control (write custom SQL) | Limited control (mostly handled by ORM) |
| Performance | Faster for simple, fine-tuned queries | Slight overhead due to abstraction |
| Integration | Works directly with JDBC API | Integrates with frameworks like Hibernate, JPA |
| Transaction Management | Supported via Spring | Supported (often better integrated with ORM) |
| Mapping | Manual mapping (RowMapper) | Automatic object-relational mapping |
| Flexibility | High (custom queries, fine control) | Less flexible but more productive |
| Use Case | When you need precise SQL control | When working with complex domain models |
| Example Class | JdbcTemplate | HibernateTemplate, JPA repositories |
Auto-configuration in Spring Boot configures the application automatically. Inputs and conditions used are dependencies in the classpath, existing beans, and application properties.
The @Transactional annotation controls database transactions declaratively. It ensures that all database operations succeed or all fail.
Spring-boot-maven-plugin simplifies the use of Apache Maven to make the task of building, packing, and operating applications smooth and easy. It helps to run applications without errors, packages the code as an executable JAR/ WAR, and manages lifecycle dependencies.
Spring interview questions for experienced developers are on real-world applications. Spring programming interview questions evaluate your skills in building scalable and cost-appropriate solutions.
Data validation is managed with Java Bean Validation and the internal validation infrastructure. The workflow starts when the controller receives a data request. The request is bound to a model object with annotations, and validation is triggered with validation frameworks and constraints. Errors are moved to BindingResult for resolution by the controller.
Code for DTO validation is:
import jakarta.validation.constraints.*;
public class UserDTO {
@NotBlank(message = "Name is required")
@Size(min = 3, max = 20)
private String name;
@Email(message = "Invalid email")
@NotBlank(message = "Email is required")
private String email;
@Min(value = 18, message = "Age must be >= 18")
private int age;
// getters & setters
}
MVC Architecture uses the Front Controller pattern. In this pattern:
Spring Batch framework provides high-volume, batch processing—handling of large datasets. It has features such as chunk-based processing, transaction management, restart/retry capability, and job scheduling and monitoring. It is used for ETL jobs, report generation, and data migration.
Tasklet is a single-operation step in Spring Batch. It runs once for each step and is used for file cleaning, email posting, stored procedures execution, and managing data updates.
Component scanning is used to detect and register beans in the IoC container by scanning the classpath for stereotype annotations. It is triggered with @SpringBootApplication. It scans the main class packages and sub-packages with the ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner and registers beans in the ApplicationContext.
Spring Security provides authentication, authorization, and protection against web vulnerabilities. CSRF, or Cross-Site Request Forgery, is a type of hacking where a malicious site tricks a logged-in user’s browser into sending unwanted requests to another trusted site.
Spring WebFlux provides services for high-concurrency, asynchronous applications. It is used for streaming data microservices and APIs. There are two types of WebFlux, Mono and Flux. Mono emits 0 or 1 element asynchronously, and an example is a single response, such as fetching a user. Flux emits 0..N elements asynchronously.
Yes. It is possible to use WebFlux and Flux in the same application, for legacy migration. Some constraints are that reactive benefits need a reactive runtime with architecture separation.
The @Transactional annotation defines the scope of a single database transaction. It is used at the class level, and automatically manages transaction stages of begin, commit, and rollback. There are two types of transaction management, declarative and programmatic.
The following table compares them.
| Feature | Declarative Transaction Management | Programmatic Transaction Management |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Transactions are defined via annotations (@Transactional) or XML | Transactions are controlled manually via code, using PlatformTransactionManager |
| Ease of Use | Simple, clean, less boilerplate | Verbose, more boilerplate |
| Coupling | Loosely coupled with business logic | Tightly coupled with business logic |
| Rollback Handling | Automatic rollback on exceptions | Developer must call rollback manually |
| Configuration | Annotation-based (@Transactional) or XML | TransactionTemplate or TransactionManager API |
| Use Case | Most common, standard enterprise apps | Complex scenarios needing dynamic control over transaction boundaries |
Spring Data JPA is a module that uses JPA – Java Persistence API for simpler data access. It gives a high-level abstraction over JPA and helps run CRUD operations and complex queries without boilerplate code.
Spring MVC exception handling framework helps to manage web app exceptions. The @ControllerAdvice annotation component allows global exception handling for all controllers.
Code snippet to handle exceptions is:
// Handle specific exception
@ExceptionHandler(ResourceNotFoundException.class)
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> handleNotFound(ResourceNotFoundException ex) {
Map<String, Object> error = new HashMap<>();
error.put("timestamp", LocalDateTime.now());
error.put("message", ex.getMessage());
error.put("status", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value());
return new ResponseEntity<>(error, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
}
Spring Profiles mechanisms group and isolate beans and configurations for environments such as dev, test, and prod. They provide environment-specific configuration without changing code.
No, Spring singleton beans are not thread-safe if mutable states exist. They are shared across threads and not thread safe.
Spring Cloud has several tools and frameworks built on top of Spring Boot for building distributed, cloud-native microservices. It integrates Netflix OSS, Consul, Zookeeper, and Kubernetes for building resilient cloud applications.
The following table gives Spring Cloud components, uses, and features.
| Term / Component | Purpose / Description | Real-World Example / Use Case |
|---|---|---|
| Spring Cloud Config | Centralized configuration management for distributed systems. | Store and manage configuration for microservices in Git or local repository. |
| Spring Cloud Netflix Eureka | Service discovery server and client for microservices. | Microservices register themselves with Eureka; other services discover them dynamically. |
| Spring Cloud Netflix Ribbon | Client-side load balancer for microservices. | Distributes HTTP requests across multiple instances of a service. |
| Spring Cloud Netflix Zuul / Gateway | API Gateway / Edge service for routing and filtering requests. | Route requests from clients to appropriate microservices, handle cross-cutting concerns like auth. |
| Spring Cloud OpenFeign | Declarative REST client for microservices. | Define REST clients using interfaces instead of manually writing HTTP calls. |
| Spring Cloud Sleuth | Distributed tracing for microservices. | Adds trace IDs to logs to track requests across services. |
| Spring Cloud Bus | Propagates configuration changes or events across microservices. | Update configuration centrally; changes automatically propagate to all instances. |
| Spring Cloud Gateway | Modern API gateway, replacing Zuul in new apps. | Route, filter, and secure HTTP requests to backend services. |
| Spring Cloud Contract | Consumer-driven contract testing for microservices. | Ensure that microservices follow agreed API contracts. |
| Spring Cloud Stream | Abstraction for messaging systems (Kafka, RabbitMQ). | Microservices communicate asynchronously via message brokers. |
| Spring Cloud Security | Security integration for microservices. | Centralized authentication and authorization across microservices. |
| Spring Cloud Kubernetes | Integrate Spring Cloud apps with the Kubernetes ecosystem. | Service discovery, configuration, and secrets management using Kubernetes resources. |
| Spring Cloud LoadBalancer | Client-side load balancing replacement for Ribbon. | Distribute requests to microservice instances in modern Spring Cloud setups. |
Miscellaneous Spring interview questions on several topics and their answers are given in this section.
Differences between @RestController and @Controller are:
| Feature | @Controller | @RestController |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Handles web requests and returns views | Handles REST APIs and returns data |
| Return Type | Typically returns View name | Returns JSON/XML response body |
| @ResponseBody | Must be added manually | Automatically applied |
| Use Case | Traditional web apps (UI-based) | RESTful web services (APIs) |
| Output | HTML, JSP, Thymeleaf | JSON, XML |
| Annotation Type | Class-level annotation | Combination of @Controller + @ResponseBody |
The following table gives differences between @PathVariable and @RequestParam:
| Feature | @PathVariable | @RequestParam |
|---|---|---|
| Source | URL path | URL query parameter |
| Example URL | /users/10 | /users?id=10 |
| Usage | Extract dynamic values from URI | Extract query string values |
| Required by default | Yes | Yes (can be made optional) |
| Optional support | Not directly (needs alternative mapping) | Yes (required = false) |
| Best Use Case | RESTful APIs (resource identification) | Filtering, sorting, optional inputs |
| Annotation Position | Inside URL mapping (/users/{id}) | Method parameter only |
Safe operations are readonly and are HTTP methods that do NOT modify server data.
| HTTP Method | Changes data? | Same result every time? (Idempotent) | Use case |
|---|---|---|---|
| GET | No | Yes | Retrieve data |
| POST | Yes | No | Create new resource |
| PUT | Yes | Yes | Update/replace entire resource |
| PATCH | Yes | No | Partial update of resource |
| DELETE | Yes | Yes | Delete resource |
Handling exceptions in the Spring MVC environment with several approaches. These are: @ExceptionHandler, @ControllerAdvice, @ResponseStatus, and ResponseEntity.
Localization in Spring MVC is used to display content in different languages location for users. Steps used are: Create Message Files, Configure MessageSource, Configure LocaleResolver, Add LocaleChangeInterceptor, and Use Messages in View.
The MultipartFile command is used to upload a file. Use the MultipartFile command to receive a file, and the form should have enctype=”multipart/form-data. Configure multipart settings and upload.
@Primary helps to resolve ambiguity when multiple beans of the same type exist. It instructs Spring the bean that should be preferred by default during autowiring.
@Configuration is an annotation that defines a configuration class containing @Bean methods. Differences between @Configuration and @Component are given in the following table:
| Feature | @Configuration | @Component |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Defines configuration class with bean methods | Marks a class as a Spring bean |
| Usage | Used with @Bean methods | Used for auto-detection (component scanning) |
| Bean Creation | Explicit via methods | Implicit via class scanning |
| Proxy Behavior | Uses CGLIB proxy (ensures singleton beans) | No proxy by default |
| Typical Use | Java-based configuration | Service, DAO, utility classes |
| Example | App config class | Business logic class |
Spring Boot DevTools enhances developer productivity by allowing automatic restart and faster development.
@Cacheable caches the result of a method. When the same method is called again with the same input, the result is given from the cache instead of executing the method.
Circular dependency happens when several Spring beans depend on each other directly or indirectly. A cycle is created, causing Spring to fail during bean creation.
CommandLineRunner is an interface that helps to run code after the Spring Boot application starts. It runs the logic after the application context is loaded, and it is used for initialization tasks.
// Example: simple initialization logic
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
sum += i;
}
The JobRepository component stores metadata about batch jobs. It stores data of Job instances,Job executions, Step executions, and Job status.
This section presents FAQs on Spring Framework Java interview questions. Some common Java Spring interview questions and their answers are given below.
Key features of the Spring Framework are: Inversion of Control, DI, transaction management, Aspect-Oriented Programming, MVC framework, and data access. It has a modular architecture with a flexible and enterprise-ready framework.
Spring has several important annotations. For Spring interview questions, prepare DI, Web, AOP, Transactions, and Configuration annotations.
Depending on your background, experience, and hours of dedicated practice, it takes 2-6 weeks to prepare for Spring interview questions. Java beginners take 4-6 weeks, Intermediate-level take 2-4 weeks, and experienced developers take 1-2 weeks.
Spring Framework Java interview has 3-5 rounds for developer roles. Typical rounds are aptitude, 2 rounds of technical, 1 round managerial, and an HR round.
Skills required to crack a Spring interview question are OOP concepts, Collections, Exception Handling, Multithreading, Java 8+, Spring and Spring Boot, Annotations, Spring MVC, REST APIs, Database and ORM, Tools, Microservices, and soft skills.
To prepare for Spring programming interview questions, learn core Java, Spring basics, and then learn Spring Boot. You need to practice REST APIs, learn database integration, and build mini projects.
Yes. Spring Boot is widely used in backend development, microservices, and scalable system development.
You have studied the Spring interview questions and answers for freshers and experienced developers. The guide gave detailed insights and in-depth concepts of Spring Boot. Build on this learning and develop yourself into a confident Spring Boot developer.
Rather than textbook responses, interviews evaluate your understanding, explanation of concepts, real project implementations, and outstanding project work. Prepare mini-projects and a portfolio, and give a link for interviewers. Study and read tech blogs and practice coding.
The blog Spring interview questions and answers for freshers and experienced developers presented detailed insights into the questions and answers expected in Spring interviews. Several important topics and frameworks were covered.
Cracking Java Spring interview questions requires a full understanding of core concepts, frameworks, and real-world applications. Practicing common spring interview questions helps developers build confidence. Prepare coding by solving problems in a Java IDE.
While Spring Framework Java interview questions are tough, strong preparation can help crack the interviews.
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